How water flows inside a washing machine

I had a broken Indesit WIE 107 washing machine and I was curious to know how water is distributed to 3 containers with only 2 solenoid valves and so I took it apart.

Washing machine water inlet distribution box teardown

Top side (original)

Top side (with markers)

ESP8266 library for EFM8 microcontrollers - Server mode

In previous article ESP8266 library for EFM8 microcontrollers was presented the ESP8266 module and how can be interfaced with a microcontroller in client mode. This article covers ESP8266 in server mode and how to send commands to ESP8266 over the internet.

Of course this is not a real web server although with an SD card whole HTML pages could be served. The purpose of this library is to extract queries from a URL requested by a client. This way for example you could change color and brightness of an RGB led using a color wheel in a phone app or control home appliances from anywhere in the world.

ESP8266 library for EFM8 microcontrollers

ESP8266 is a low-cost serial to Wi-Fi module that is very popular among electronics hobbyists. It can be used to connect a microcontroller to internet over Wi-Fi. The things you can do with it are numerous. You could monitor and log various sensor data like atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity together with geo locations on websites like thingspeak.com. Or you could retrieve information from internet such as weather, number of subscribers on YouTube, send tweets with your microcontroller, send email notification if your plants get dry, etc.

AVR EEPROM Library | ATmega328P

Sometimes some data needs to be saved after the microcontroller is powered off. Say you have a rotary encoder to set audio volume. When the user sets the volume, the value is stored in SRAM but when the power goes off, the memory content is lost. In this cases you would use the EEPROM memory to store data. AVR devices have three types of memory:

• Flash memory - for the program code
• SRAM memory - also referred as data memory (volatile memory)
• EEPROM memory

EEPROM stands for Electronically Erasable Read-Only Memory and is a non-volatile memory, meaning that unlike RAM, it will hold the stored information even after power is removed, much like an USB flash drive. Here can be stored settings and data that can not be hard coded, usually taken by the interaction with a user. Keep in mind that the EEPROM has a lifespan of 100,000 writes - reads are unlimited - so is not a good idea to write to this memory every second or even every few seconds.

Normally, to make use of the EEPROM memory, you would have to read the datasheet and implement some read/write functions using some registers. But fear not - the AVR-GCC compiler comes with prebuilt routines making things much easier.

How to tin your PCB using plumber's paste | Homemade PCB

The last step in making your own printed circuit board (PCB) is tinning. Tinning is important because copper oxidize very fast, leading to an ugly look, hard to solder pads and over longer time, breaks in traces.

When you order PCB's from a manufacturer, the pads look all nice a shiny. I was looking for a way to achieve this at home and I found one. It doesn't involve strong chemicals, it's cheap and it only takes a few minutes.

Example of homemade PCB tinning

PCB after tinning

PCB before tinning