Displaying Bitmap images on ST7735 display from a memory card using an AVR microcontroller

This is an extension for the ST7735 display driver library made for displaying Bitmap images stored on an SD memory card on the ST7735 TFT display using an AVR microcontroller. The Bitmaps can be of 16-bit or 24-bit colors. Since the ST7735 display driver only accepts 16-bit colors, the 24-bit images will be converted to 16-bits.

Here is a short demo video:

The images must be resized first to fit the size of your display. A free and popular software for this task is Irfanview. Open the image using Irfanview then press CTRL+R, specify the new image size then save it as a .bmp and place the images on the memory card in a folder of your choice.

Library for ST7735 TFT display driver for AVR microcontrollers

There are already some libraries for the ST7735 display driver such as the one from Adafruit but made only for Arduino. I needed one for AVR microcontrollers in general, so I made this one. With a bit of twiking it could also be adapted to work with other types of microcontrollers. This library is based on the one from Adafruit but with some functions removed, modified and others added. The interface needs 4 microcontroller pins and it uses SPI for communication.

There are many GUI elements that can be created and above are a few examples such as: selectable menus, scrollbars, check-boxes and animated icons. I made those in Inkscape for a battery charger project.

Contents:

• Wiring the ST7735 TFT Display
• ST7735 Library
• Initialization function and types of ST7735 modules
• The Colors
• The Cursor and the Coordinate System
• Clearing the display
• Text Functions
• Setting the font family
• Making the font bold
• Creating your own custom fonts
• Display Text
• Display a single character
• Set the font size
• Set the font color
• Display Numbers
• Aligning Elements on Screen
• Text alignment
• Set text boundaries
• Print text on the next line
• Get text width
• Get text height
• Get position of a line of text
• Get cursor position
• Set cursor position
• Get display width and height
• Get last pixel coordinate
• Drawing Primitive Shapes
• Drawing pixels
• Lines
• Rectangles
• Circles
• Triangles
• Line thickness
• Bitmap Images and Icons
• RGB Bitmaps on MCU flash memory
• Bitmaps images from memory cards
• Monochrome Bitmaps/Icons
• Creating Monochrome Icons in GIMP for TFT Displays
• Array of Icons - Icon Sets
• Reading data from ST7735 driver
• Extra Functions
• Turn Display On/Off
• Idle Mode
• Sleep Mode
• Backlight On/Off
• Rotate the display
• Invert colors
• Library Configuration
• Basic Code Example
• Download ST7735 Library

Wiring the ST7735 TFT display

It is important to note that the power supply voltage for the ST7735 display driver is maximum 3.3V and same for the other input pins. Some TFT modules include a 3.3V regulator and a voltage level shifter in which case it can be used with 5V microcontrollers, if not some level shifting must be done if the microcontroller is not powered from 3.3V.

This schematic is an example that also includes an SD card. Here, MISO is used for DC pin (Data/Command) since the ST7735 doesn't use the MISO in the 1-Wire SPI protocol, and also as MISO (Master In Slave Out) for the SD card. The 74AHC125D can't be used for this pin since is not bi-directional, hence the mosfet level shifter.

ST7735 connection diagram with voltage level shifters and pinout

1 - GND - ground power supply

2 - VCC - 3.3V power supply (minimum 150mA)

3 - SCL - SPI serial clock pin (SCK)

4 - SDA - SPI serial data input/output (MOSI)

7 segment display library for AVR microcontrollers | ATmega328P

There are many ways to control a seven segment display - using a dedicated IC or shift registers which are preferred because they don't require many pins. However this library is made for when you have the segments driven directly from microcontroller pins and each digit is controlled using a transistor.

You have the option of padding the numbers with zeros and displaying them at a certain position, useful for making digital clocks.

To see this library used in a real project, check out this video Digital Clock With RGB Night Lamp & Spherical Shelf.

What is a 7-segment display

As the name suggests it is a display that is made up of 7 segments. Each segment is simply an LED. Including the dot there are actually 8 LEDs and this fits perfectly on an 8-bit microcontroller's port. This display is mainly made for numerical values but some alphabetical characters can be displayed as well.

Types of 7 segment displays

There are two types of seven segment displays - common cathode and common anode. Common cathode displays have all the ground sides (cathodes) of the LEDs connected together while common anode displays have all the positive sides (anodes) of LEDs tied together.

The 7 segment display can have from 1 up to 6 or 8 digits. One digit can display numbers from 0 to 9 and a dot for numbers with decimals. On 4 digit seven segment display the maximum number that can be displayed is 9999.

Figure 1: Internal equivalent circuit of a 7 segment display from OPD-Q5621LE-BW datasheet

 

Library for interfacing alphanumeric LCD modules with AVR microcontrollers

This library provides an interface between the microcontroller and LCD module. Note that this code is not for I2C modules.

Main features:

- Supports 16x1, 16x2, 16x4, 20x4, 20x2, 32x2, 40x2 LCD display modules
- Option for automatically wrapping the text to a new line
- Numbers can be padded with zeros to maintain user interface layout
- Scrolling a string of characters
- Includes two types of big digits numerical fonts for making a clock
- Has support for user defined fonts and other special fonts included by default in the LCD memory
- Support for 8 and 4 bit mode interface
- LCD backlight dimming or on/off control using PWM 

Contents:

• Hardware interfacing
• Software interfacing
• Printing strings on the LCD display
• Printing numbers
• Displaying float numbers
• Clearing the LCD display
• Moving the LCD cursor
• Scrolling a string of characters from right to left
• Controlling the LCD backlight brightness using PWM
• Custom LCD digits - 3 characters wide digits
• Custom LCD digits - sharp digits
• Print special characters located inside the HD44780 LCD memory
• Using custom LCD symbols
• Download LCD Library

 

Hardware interfacing ATmega328 AVR microcontroller with a 16x2 LCD module with PWM brightness control

This LCD modules can be connected in 4 bit mode or 8 bit mode. Using 4 bit mode is recommended because it uses less pins but the code is a bit more complex. In the following example I use 4 bit mode.